Electrons are elementary particles and have many unique properties that make them ideal for highly integrated logic devices.
- small size
- charged and therefore easy to controll by electric and magnetic fields
- localizable by isolating matrials around conductive materials
- are permanent particles and exist also when unmoved
The spin property of electrons is also of use and used in spin FETs, spin MOSFETs, spin wave devices, magnetoelectric logic, domain wall logic, spin torque majority gates and spin qubits. These properties are discussed on page Magnetism/Spin.
Excitonic devices are closely related to electronic devices and covered on page Atoms / Point Defects.
A non-exhaustive list of further possible approaches is given below:
More Moore (CMOS-extension)
- TFET
- Negative capacitance FET
- CNTFET
- 2D material FET
Beyond CMOS switches
- Molecular electronics
- NEMS switch
- MOTT FET
- Topological insulator electronic device
- Transistor LASER
Novel non-volatile electrical memories (for in-memory computing)
Reconfigurable transistors
Single Flux Quantum / Superconducting logic
- (LV-, LS-)RSFQ
- ERSFQ/eSFQ
- RQL
- AQFP
Superconducting qubits
- phase qubit
- flux qubit
- charge quit
- unimon
- Cat-Qubit
Semiconductor quantum dot (electron/hole spin qubit)
Literature
| Title | Author | Year |
| Overview of Beyond-CMOS Devices and a Uniform Methodology for Their Benchmarking | Dmitri E. Nikonov, Ian A. Young | 2013 |
| Benchmarking of Beyond-CMOS Exploratory Devices for Logic Integrated Circuits | Dmitri E. Nikonov, Ian A. Young | 2015 |
| An Expanded Benchmarking of Beyond-CMOS Devices Based on Boolean and Neuromorphic Representative Circuits | Chenyun Pan, Azad Naeemi | 2017 |
| Emerging Memory Devices for Neuromorphic Computing | Navnidhi K. Upadhyay | 2019 |
| Superconductor Electronics: Status and Outlook | Alex I. Braginski | 2019 |
| Emerging Materials for Neuromorphic Devices and Systems | Min-Kyu Kim et al. | 2020 |
| Superconducting Qubits: Current State of Play | Morten Kjaergaard et al. | 2020 |
| Semiconductor Spin Qubits (preprint) | Guido Burkard et al. | 2021 |
| International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS™) 2022 Edition, esp. reports “Beyond CMOS and Emerging Materials Integration” and “Cryogenic Electronics and Quantum Information Processing” | IEEE IRDS™ | 2022 |